Chardonnay

知道它的特征以找到您的最爱

By蒂姆·盖瑟（Tim Gaiser） Fine Cooking Issue 59

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霞多丽从塔斯马尼亚到智利，从南非到法国，几乎在两者之间生长，几乎是所有白葡萄酒中最受欢迎的。为什么？因为这既是酿酒师的梦想：它很容易成长，易于制作，也可以在各种风格中可靠地制作出可靠的美味饮料。

Though Chardonnay can be planted just about anywhere wine grapes can grow, it tends to thrive in cool climates. Cool-climate Chardonnays tend to be lean and crisp with mouthwatering acidity, while warmer-climate ones tend to be rich and full bodied, with lots of fruit and, at their best, enough balancing acidity. The Chardonnay grape itself is fairly neutral. But winemaking technique can transform it into something out of the ordinary.

世界的霞多丽通常可以分为两类，旧世界和新世界。

Old World means European wines.The best examples of Old World Chardonnay come from France; specifically, from Burgundy, where Chardonnay has been grown for centuries.

The Chardonnays of Chablis are renowned for their steely intensity with lemon-citrus and chalky-mineral flavors. Further south, wines from the villages of Meursault, Chassagne-Montrachet and Puligny-Montrachet have a remarkable combination of high-intensity fruit and rapier-like acidity while maintaining the stamp of the specific vineyard where the fruit was grown.

New World means anywhere vines were transplanted from the Old World.In North America, New World Chardonnay ranges from the vast spectrum of California wines, to Chardonnays made in Oregon and in Eastern Washington, to those made in New York, Virginia, Texas, Ohio, Michigan and New Mexico.

在南半球，美味的新世界霞多丽来自阿根廷，智利和南非。但是，没有其他新世界的葡萄酒酿造者像澳大利亚人那样将霞多丽带到心。由于他们熟练采用最新的酿酒技术以及从许多不同地区的水果融合以达到特定风格或价格点的融合，因此澳大利亚人几乎在所有可能的风格上都掌握了霞多丽。有一个澳大利亚霞多丽可以符合各种口味和预算。而且，尽管您通常会想到新西兰白人时长相思，但霞多丽的霞多丽对于他们的酸绿色水果和酸味令人印象深刻。他们与食物配对。

Five key traits

The key traits of Chardonnay are the following: fruity, buttery, oaky, earth/mineral, and lean.

Fruity
Refers to: The naturally fruity flavors of the Chardonnay grape. Fruity Chardonnay undergoes minimal manipulation during winemaking.
Shows up as: Aromas and flavors of apple, pear, peach, tropical fruit, or any combination.
良好：野餐式食物，例如冷烤鸡或火鸡，配以鸡肉，火鸡或海鲜的沙拉；简单的意大利面，烤蔬菜和良好的橄榄油。
Stay away from: Nothing. Fruity Chardonnay is one of the most versatile wines around.

黄油
Refers to: Creamy, buttery aromas and flavors common to Chardonnay. A buttery Chardonnay has undergone a winemaking process called malo-lactic fermentation, where the tart green malic acids in the wine are converted by a bacterial culture to the softer type of lactic acids found in dairy products.
显示为：最好的是黄油，奶油香气。在最坏的情况下，闻起来像陈旧的微波爆米花。马洛乳酸发酵的一种副产品是二氧化碳，这种物质闻起来像黄油一样闻到和味道（通常用于调味微波爆米花）。
良好的食物：丰富的食物：带有奶油或奶酪酱的面食；用黄油酱烤鸡肉；烤海鲜，例如金枪鱼，剑鱼或扇贝，加黄油或奶油酱。
Stay away from: Dishes with vinegar- or citrus-based flavorings.

Oaky
请参考：在发酵，衰老或两者兼而有之使用时使用的橡木桶（或橡木片）。橡木是整体霞多丽食谱中的重要组成部分。但是太大了葡萄酒。
以：香草，烤面包，甜烘焙香料或纯木头的最佳状态和香气。在最糟糕的，苦涩和不愉快的风味下，葡萄酒几乎不可能与食物搭配。
Good with: Grilled or seared fish or chicken; rich, soft-ripened cheeses; Swiss-style cheeses.
Stay away from: Delicate, subtle dishes.

Earth/mineral
指的是：欧洲风格的霞多丽，往往不那么前进，尤其是Chablis。
Shows up as: Aromas and flavors of mineral and earth.
很好：烤鸡和根蔬菜；寿司和生鱼片；半壳上的牡蛎；强烈的味道，柔软的奶酪，例如Epoisses；老年山羊奶酪。
Stay away from: Dishes with fruit-based sauces and compotes.

倾斜
Refers to: A wine made from grapes grown in a cool region, with a light-bodied, crisp feeling. Chardonnays from Chablis and New Zealand are known above all for this style.
显示为：酸，多汁的酸度；柠檬，酸橙或格兰尼·史密斯苹果的口味。
Good with: Salads and vinegar- or citrus-based sauces; sea bass and shellfish; Camembert and aged goat cheese.
Stay away from: Grilled foods.